Due to employ of embedded systems for safety-critical applications and high probability of occurrence transient faults in them as well as increasing popularity of COTS (commercial off the shelf) components, techniques of control flow checking to improve reliability processors are of particular importance. Among all the problems of software-based technique for control flow error detection can be pointed to the performance overhead because of software redundancy and lack of proper solution for detecting Intra-block control-flow jump errors. In this article we have proposed a generic software-based technique for control flow error detection that can add instructions redundant on a basic block to detect a large number of errors as well as reduced overhead by identifying S-NODE in control flow graph and placed check instruction in these nodes. Overall, combining CFCSS (Control Flow Checking by Software Signatures) with our proposed technique has an average of 96% fault coverage in comparison to 92% fault coverage of previously proposed signature based techniques while maintaining the performance overhead has nearly SCFC.

The processing systems utilized in the satellites or nuclear reactors are highly susceptible to produce wrong results because of the existence of different radiations. In this paper, a new method is proposed for enhancing the program executions on the fault-prone processors in extreme environments. The main goal is the detection of control flow errors caused by soft errors that maybe produced by transient faults occurred in the underlying hardware. This method detects the errors by recognizing the deviations from the proper program flow execution. The proposed method operates by allocating two specific signatures and at most three control instructions to each basic block inside a program. This way, many control flow errors are detected. The experimental results based on the simulation of the proposed method together with the previous methods show that the proposed method detects the control flow errors better than the previous methods with respect to three main parameters including fault coverage, performance overhead and memory overhead.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of checking control and assurance in reducing illness anxiety in people with illness anxiety.Method: The current study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test، post-test and follow-up design. the statistical population included people with illness anxiety which referred to health or consultation centers of Urmia city in March 2013 to April 2014، 30 individuals selected available and divided randomaly into control and experimental groups. Experimental group treated for 10 sessions of 90 minute weekly and control group received no intervention during this period. Tools of this study included Kellner Illness Attitude Scale that in order to collect data conducted in the pre-test، post-test and follow-up on the subjects.Results: analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyzed data. Results showed that checking control and assurance couse to reducing patients illness anxiety during post-test( p<0.01) and the persistence of the treatment effect maintained after one month( p<0.01).Conclusion: The study followed two basic result: first: according to this study checking control and assurance introduce as an effective method in treatment of illness anxiety. Second :this therapeutic approach has lasting effects in the treatment of this disorder.

A common method for controlling a group of parallel converters in decentralized control strategy structure in an island microgrid, the use is the droop-down characteristics of frequency ω-P and voltage E-Q. However, the problem with using this method is that the reactive power is not properly distributed (in proportion to the capacity of the micronutrients) between the micronutrients, which may lead to overload in the converters. Microgrids may also suffer from dynamic stability problems such as power fluctuations, which can be increased by switching between active and reactive power control. To avoid this problem, the X / R ratio of transmission lines is an important parameter that should be carefully considered in the design of micronutrient controllers. By linearizing and simplifying conditions, the control system conversion function model becomes a single input-single output system, which is efficient enough to show the relationship between control parameters such as slope of droop characteristics and derivative sentences, virtual impedance, and voltage controllers. Using this model, stability conditions for different parameters are analyzed. Also, to improve power distribution stability, common droop strategies are modified by adjusting the slope as well as adding nonlinear sentence sections. This approach reduces the coupling between active and reactive power control and reduces the dependence of power distribution on grid parameters such as the X / R ratio. To evaluate the reliability of the proposed model, the simulation results in a sample island microgrid in MATLAB software are presented.

Satellite software is a kind of application that are exposed to soft-errors or transient faults because they work in an environment, which is full of radiations. This kind of fault has caused error in the execution of software. Satellite designers have used different methods, such as hardware shielding and component hardening, for removing the effects of this type of errors. These methods will increase the cost, weight and power consumption. Also, these methods decrease the performance. Recently, researches have shown that instead of spatial components,, COTS components can be used in LEO satellites. In addition, software implemented hardware fault tolerance (SIHFT) techniques can be added to these components for dealing with transient faults. In this paper, a branch of these techniques, which is called control flow based techniques, are investigated and the useful method among them is highlighted. The result of the implementation, testing and evaluation of the selected method (i.e. RSCFC) is also presented in this paper.

Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is an effective solution to inside on-chip communication problems. In recent years, the advancement of silicon industry and also the production of Carbone Nanotube antennas (CNTs), it is possible to use wireless antennas in the network on chip. This new communication structure is called a Wireless Network on Chip (WiNoC). Using the wireless antenna in multi-core chips led to the reduction in the latency and power consumption. In spite of higher bandwidth of the WiNoCs compared to wire NoCs; their performance can decrease significantly in absence of an effective flow control mechanism. In this paper, the flow control problem is investigated by using a mathematical model in the WiNoC. The aim of this study is showing a correct analysis of cores behaviors with the subject to capacity constraints of links and flow rates. The simulation results of traffic pattern in the WiNoC show that the proposed flow rate control algorithm has been able to control and adjust the flow injection rate of each transmitter with acceptable convergence

In this paper, an enhanced self-checking carry select adder (CSeA) architecture is introduced. However, we first show that the carry select adder design presented literature does not have the self-checking property in all of its parts in spite of the stated claim. Then, we present a corrected design with the self-checking property that requires more overheads. In addition, we reveal some mistakes in reporting the transistor count of the proposed design in the literature in different sizes, and correct them which again leads to more transistor count and overhead. At the end, due to the fact that the performance of a CSeA depends on its grouping structure, the area overheads of different CSeAs including the corrected designs and the best of previous self-checking designs will be evaluated with respect to the same-size and different-size grouping structures. These evaluations show the comparison of different CSeAs, more appropriate compared to the previous evaluations.

In recent years, one of the main topics of interest in the security of outsource computations is checking the integrity of the results received from the outsourced computations. Outsourced computations can be run on data received from single or multiple data sources. There are a few methods proposed for system models with distributed data sources. The main solutions provided in this area to verify the correctness of the execution of any or some special functions such as linear, polynomial or aggregate functions are categorised to: (1) verifiable computations, (2) homomorphic authenticators, and (3) methods proposed for specific applications such as outsourced databases, wireless sensor networks and data stream management systems. In this paper, these methods, especially the methods proposed for outsourced computations in data stream management systems, have been reviewed and compared.